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Charlesworth D, Willis JH. The genetics of inbreeding depression. Managing deleterious genetic conditions at the herd level. Valuing DNA marker tested bulls for commercial beef production. Aust J Agric Res. Download references. The authors acknowledge the colleagues at the University of Missouri for their collaboration on this project and Mike Kasten and American Angus Association for providing the herd pedigree information.
Lindsay R. Van Eenennaam. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. LRU ran the software, data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. BPK contributed to the use of the software program, generation of simulation data, study design, and data analysis. MM contributed to the simulation of the new index for use in the software program and to the design of the study.
ALV coordinated the study design, data analysis, and drafting of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Alison L. BK derives income from commercial use of MateSel.
Other than this, the authors declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Reprints and Permissions. Upperman, L. Management of lethal recessive alleles in beef cattle through the use of mate selection software. Genet Sel Evol 51, 36 Download citation. Received : 09 October Accepted : 18 June Published : 06 August Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Research Article Open Access Published: 06 August Management of lethal recessive alleles in beef cattle through the use of mate selection software Lindsay R.
Upperman 1 nAff5 , Brian P. Kinghorn 2 , Michael D. Abstract Background Recessive loss-of-function LOF alleles at genes which are essential for life, can result in early embryonic mortality. Methods Two beef cattle breeding strategies i. Results With full knowledge of the LOF alleles carried by selection candidates, the most profitable breeding strategy was always simultaneous selection and mate allocation to avoid homozygous affected offspring aa as compared to indiscriminate selection against carrier parents Aa.
Color perception in different types of color blindness : In this chart you can see what people with different types of color blindness can see versus the normal color vision line at top. When they inherit one recessive X-linked mutant allele and one dominant X-linked wild-type allele, they are carriers of the trait and are typically unaffected.
Carrier females can manifest mild forms of the trait due to the inactivation of the dominant allele located on one of the X chromosomes. However, female carriers can contribute the trait to their sons, resulting in the son exhibiting the trait, or they can contribute the recessive allele to their daughters, resulting in the daughters being carriers of the trait.
Although some Y-linked recessive disorders exist, typically they are associated with infertility in males and are, therefore, not transmitted to subsequent generations. Inheritance of a recessive X-linked disorder : The son of a woman who is a carrier of a recessive X-linked disorder will have a 50 percent chance of being affected.
A daughter will not be affected, but she will have a 50 percent chance of being a carrier like her mother. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Reproduction, Chromosomes, and Meiosis. Search for:. Patterns of Inheritance. Lethal Inheritance Patterns Inheriting two copies of mutated genes that are nonfunctional can have lethal consequences.
Learning Objectives Describe recessive and dominant lethal inheritance patterns. Key Takeaways Key Points An inheritance pattern in which an allele is only lethal in the homozygous form and in which the heterozygote may be normal or have some altered non-lethal phenotype is referred to as recessive lethal. Dominant lethal alleles are very rare because the allele only lasts one generation and is, therefore, not usually transmitted.
In the case where dominant lethal alleles might not be expressed until adulthood, the allele may be unknowingly passed on, resulting in a delayed death in both generations. Key Terms mutation : any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material recessive lethal : an inheritance pattern in which an allele is only lethal in the homozygous form and in which the heterozygote may be normal or have some altered non-lethal phenotype dominant lethal : an inheritance pattern is one in which an allele is lethal both in the homozygote and the heterozygote; this allele can only be transmitted if the lethality phenotype occurs after reproductive age.
Chromosomes 3. Meiosis 4. Inheritance 5. Genetic Modification 4: Ecology 1. Energy Flow 3. Carbon Cycling 4. Climate Change 5: Evolution 1. Evolution Evidence 2. Natural Selection 3. Classification 4. Cladistics 6: Human Physiology 1. Digestion 2. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow mouse obesity syndrome, characterized by early onset of obesity and tumors. The progeny never showed the phenotypic ratio expected from a monohybrid cross.
Instead, they showed a phenotypic ratio of yellow to grey mice. Little demonstrated that the missing yellow mice were dying in the embryonic stage. The embryo carried both recessive mutant alleles, a homozygous condition that affects the differentiation of both the inner cell mass ICM and trophectoderm, the outer layer of the blastocyst. Some recessive lethal alleles cause genetic disorders in humans. For example, achondroplasia is a genetic disorder that affects bone development resulting in short-limbed dwarfism.
It is caused by a dominant allele, which means the presence of a single copy of the mutated allele causes the disorder. However, when the same allele is present in homozygous form, it becomes lethal and causes death during embryonic development. Even though the disease is caused by a dominant allele, the lethality is recessive; hence, it is called a recessive lethal allele. Similarly, dominant lethal alleles can also cause genetic disorders in humans.
Such lethal alleles cause death even if they are present in a single copy. Mostly, these alleles are hard to find in a population because it causes the early death of an organism.
The onset of this disease is slow, which allows heterozygotes to survive after birth. If the person survives until the reproductive age, the genes are passed on to their offspring.
This way, the allele persists in the population. To learn more about our GDPR policies click here. If you want more info regarding data storage, please contact gdpr jove. Your access has now expired. Provide feedback to your librarian. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to our customer success team. Login processing Chapter Mendelian Genetics. Chapter 2: Biochemistry of the Cell.
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